Ethanol is very aggressive towards fuel pumps, especially when used in high concentrations. Because of the environmental benefits of ethanol-blended fuels, many parts of the world continue to utilize these blended fuels to reduce carbon emissions, such as E10 with 10% ethanol and E85 with 85% ethanol. However, ethanol is far more corrosive and absorbs a lot more moisture compared to traditional gasoline; hence, Fuel Pump components would be subjected to increased wear and tear, especially rubber seals and internal metals. One of the most major ways ethanol affects fuel pumps is its affinity for water, causing corrosion within the pump. Over time, this may result in wear and tear to the internal parts inside the Fuel Pump, leading to lesser efficiency or even a complete failure. A 2017 study reported that cars running on E10 or higher ethanol had 25% more failures in their Fuel Pumps compared to gasoline-run cars due mainly to increased water absorption. Another problem is that ethanol does not have as much lubricity as compared to gasoline. The Fuel Pump depends on fuel for the lubrication of its moving parts, and ethanol's lower lubricating properties increase friction inside the pump, which may lead to wear before time. This is most true in the case of older designs of fuel pumps, not built for ethanol-blended fuels. While modern fuel pumps, especially for flex-fuel vehicles, are made to deal with the effects of ethanol, their longevity is still considerably reduced, provided it is subjected to high concentrations of the substance. General Motors, for example, have engineered flex-fuel vehicles to run on ethanol blends; even then, owners are cautioned to monitor fuel system components for signs of wear. Ongoing inspections are thus a must for overall maintenance to avoid long-term damage. As a well-respected automotive expert, David Vizard put it: "Ethanol can be a double-edged sword—it's great for emissions but tough on fuel systems." Ethanol-compatible Fuel Pumps are being used in an effort to neutralize the effects of ethanol, alongside good maintenance of the fuel system. For this reason, high concentrations of ethanol are best avoided in vehicles that are older models in order to avoid wear on the Fuel Pump. To learn how ethanol impacts this component and to select the correct Fuel Pump, go to Fuel Pump.